In industries where corrosion resistance, high strength, and heat resistance are non-negotiable, Hastelloy plate has emerged as a material of choice. Known for its superior performance in highly aggressive chemical environments, Hastelloy is a trademark name for a group of corrosion-resistant metal alloys primarily composed of nickel, with varying combinations of molybdenum, iron, cobalt, and chromium.
Engineers, fabricators, and industrial designers often turn to Hastelloy for applications in chemical processing, aerospace, marine, and power generation. But not all Hastelloy plates are the same—there are several different grades, each tailored for specific applications and operating conditions.
In this blog, we’ll explore the different types of Hastelloy plate grades, their compositions, key properties, and where each is best used.
What is a Hastelloy Plate?
A Hastelloy plate is a flat-rolled form of Hastelloy alloy, produced in various thicknesses and dimensions. These plates are known for their excellent resistance to corrosion, especially in harsh environments involving acids, saltwater, and high temperatures. The plates are used to fabricate equipment such as heat exchangers, pressure vessels, reactors, flue gas scrubbers, and more.
The versatility of the Hastelloy plate lies in its wide range of grades. Let’s take a closer look at some of the most widely used grades and how they differ from one another.
- Hastelloy C-22 Plate
Composition:
- Nickel: Balance
- Chromium: ~22%
- Molybdenum: ~13%
- Iron: ~3%
- Tungsten: ~3%
Key Features:
- Excellent resistance to both oxidizing and reducing agents.
- Superior corrosion resistance in chloride environments.
- High resistance to crevice corrosion and pitting.
Applications:
- Chemical reactors
- Waste treatment plants
- Marine equipment
- Pharmaceutical manufacturing
C-22 is often considered the most versatile of all Hastelloy alloys and is frequently specified when designers need maximum corrosion protection.
- Hastelloy C-276 Plate
Composition:
- Nickel: Balance
- Molybdenum: ~16%
- Chromium: ~16%
- Iron: ~5%
- Tungsten: ~4%
Key Features:
- Excellent resistance to strong oxidizers and reducing agents.
- Resists formation of grain-boundary precipitates.
- Excellent performance in a wide range of chemical environments.
Applications:
- Pulp and paper industry
- Waste gas scrubbers
- Pollution control systems
- Acid production
Hastelloy C-276 plates are often chosen for their ability to resist damage in even the most extreme chemical processing conditions.
- Hastelloy C-2000 Plate
Composition:
- Nickel: Balance
- Chromium: ~23%
- Molybdenum: ~16%
- Copper: ~1.6%
Key Features:
- Combines resistance to both oxidizing and non-oxidizing chemicals.
- High strength and formability.
- Improved thermal stability compared to C-276.
Applications:
- Organic and inorganic chemical processing
- Marine engineering
- Equipment exposed to sulfuric acid
C-2000 is a newer grade that extends the performance range of Hastelloy materials, offering resistance to both oxidizing agents and sulfuric acid, which is rare among nickel alloys.
- Hastelloy X Plate
Composition:
- Nickel: Balance
- Iron: ~18%
- Chromium: ~22%
- Molybdenum: ~9%
- Cobalt: ~1.5%
Key Features:
- Excellent high-temperature strength.
- Good oxidation resistance up to 2200°F (1204°C).
- Suitable for use in jet engine and gas turbine parts.
Applications:
- Aircraft engine components
- Furnace parts
- Heat exchangers
- Combustion cans
Though it’s not used primarily for chemical resistance, Hastelloy X plate is widely applied in high-temperature environments requiring strength and oxidation resistance.
- Hastelloy B-2 Plate
Composition:
- Nickel: Balance
- Molybdenum: ~28%
- Iron: ~2%
- Cobalt: ~1%
Key Features:
- Outstanding resistance to hydrochloric acid at all concentrations and temperatures.
- Resists stress corrosion cracking and pitting.
- Avoids carbide precipitation during welding.
Applications:
- Pickling equipment
- Acetic acid production
- Heat exchangers in chemical plants
Hastelloy B-2 plates are ideal for environments involving aggressive reducing agents and offer excellent resistance to acid attack.
Comparing Hastelloy Plate Grades
| Grade | Best Known For | Ideal Use Case |
| C-22 | All-around corrosion resistance | Marine, chemical reactors |
| C-276 | Extreme chemical resistance | Pollution control, pulp industry |
| C-2000 | Sulfuric acid resistance | Pharmaceutical, process tanks |
| X | High-temp strength and oxidation | Aerospace, furnaces |
| B-2 | Hydrochloric acid resistance | Chemical processing, pickling |
Selecting the Right Hastelloy Plate
When selecting a Hastelloy plate for your application, consider the following factors:
- Corrosive Environment: Determine whether your application involves oxidizing or reducing agents, or a mix of both.
- Operating Temperature: Higher grades like Hastelloy X perform better in elevated temperatures.
- Mechanical Strength: Some applications may require added mechanical performance under stress.
- Weldability and Fabrication Needs: Some grades are easier to fabricate and weld than others.
- Budget and Availability: Certain Hastelloy grades are more costly and may have longer lead times.
Working with experienced Hastelloy plate suppliers ensures that you receive certified material that meets your project’s technical and regulatory standards.
Conclusion
Hastelloy plate is a premium choice in industries where safety, durability, and corrosion resistance are mission-critical. Whether you’re designing equipment for a chemical plant, aerospace engine, or marine vessel, there’s a Hastelloy grade specifically suited for your needs.
Understanding the different grades—such as C-22, C-276, C-2000, X, and B-2—can help you make an informed decision, ensuring optimal performance and longevity of your equipment.
For any project involving harsh conditions, investing in the right Hastelloy plate isn’t just smart—it’s essential.
