Golden Age of Porn

Golden Age of Porn

  • Monster Musume Porn
  •   Background[edit]
  •   The period[edit]
  •     Beginnings[edit]
  •   Eliza Ibarra Porn
  •     Deep Throat[edit]
  •     The Devil in Miss Jones[edit]
  •     “Porno chic”[edit]
  •     Supreme Court’s 1973 Miller v. California[edit]
  •     Post-1973[edit]
  •   Feminist criticism[edit]
  •   Golden Age stars[edit]
  •   Second-wave stars[edit]
  •   Producers[edit]
  •   Films of the interval[edit]
  •   See additionally[edit]
  •   Citations[edit]
  •   General and cited references[edit]
  •   External hyperlinks[edit]

sports pornT?e term “Golden Age of Porn“, or “porno chic“, refers t? a 15-yr interval (1969-1984) ?n industrial American pornography, through wh?ch sexually explicit films skilled positive consideration f?om mainstream cinemas, movie critics, ?nd m?st of th? people.[1][2] ?his American interval, w?ich ?ad subsequently unfold internationally,[3] and that began earlier t?an t?e legalization of pornography in Denmark on July 1, 1969,[4] started ?n June 12, 1969,[5] with the theatrical release ?f th? movie Blue Movie directed ?y Andy Warhol,[6][7][8] ?nd, considerably ?ater, with t?e discharge ?f the 1970 film Mona produced ?y Bill Osco.[9][10] Thes? films ?ad been the primary adult erotic films depicting explicit sex t? obtain huge theatrical release ?n t?e United States.[6][7][8][9] Both influenced t?e making of movies reminiscent ?f 1972’s Deep Throat starring Linda Lovelace ?nd directed by Gerard Damiano,[11] ?ehind the Green Door starring Marilyn Chambers ?nd directed ?y the Mitchell brothers,[12] 1973′? The Devil in Miss Jones ?lso ?y Damiano, and 1976’s ?he Opening of Misty Beethoven by Radley Metzger, t?e “crown jewel” of th? Golden Age, in accordance with award-successful author Toni Bentley.[13][14]. ?ccording to Andy Warhol, hi? Blue Movie movie wa? ? major affect ?n t?e making of Last Tango in Paris, an internationally controversial erotic drama movie, starring Marlon Brando, ?nd released a couple ?f years after Blue Movie ?as proven ?n theaters.[8]

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Following mentions ?y Johnny Carson on his popular Tonight Show ?nd Bob Hope on T? as nicely,[10] Deep Throat achieved major field-office success, despite being rudimentary by mainstream requirements. ?n 1973, the extra accomplished, ?ut nonet?eless low-finances, movie ?he Devil in Miss Jones was the seventh most profitable movie ?f t?e year, ?nd was ?ell received ?y major media, including a positive overview ?y movie critic Roger Ebert.[15] ?he phenomenon of porn ?eing publicly discussed ?y celebrities, ?nd taken critically ?y critics, a development referred to, by Ralph Blumenthal ?f The new York Times, ?s “porno chic”, started f?r th? primary time in trendy American culture.[10][16] ?t becam? apparent t?at box-workplace returns ?f ?ery low-price range grownup erotic films ?ould fund additional advances in t?e technical ?nd manufacturing values ?f porn, making ?t extremely competitive ?ith Hollywood films. ?here was concern that, left unchecked, t?e vast profitability of su?h movies ?ould result ?n Hollywood ?eing influenced ?y pornography.[17][18]

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Previous to th?s, 1000’s of U.?. state and municipal anti-obscenity legal guidelines ?nd ordinances held t?at collaborating w?thin t?e creation, distribution, or consumption ?f obscene movies constituted criminal action. Multi-jurisdictional interpretations ?f obscenity ma?e such films susceptible t? prosecution ?nd criminal liability f?r obscenity, t?ereby proscribing t?eir distribution ?nd revenue potential. Freedom in inventive license, larger movie budgets ?nd payouts, and a “Hollywood mindset” a?l contributed to thi? period.

Monster Musume Porn

?owever, wit? th? growing availability of videocassette recorders f?r private viewing ?n the 1980s, video supplanted film ?s the popular distribution medium f?r pornography, which quickly reverted t? being low-price range ?nd brazenly gratuitous, ?nding t?is “Golden Age”.[19]

porn movie

Background[edit]

Pornographic movies ?ave been produced in the early twentieth century ?s “stag” motion pictures, supposed t? be viewed ?t male gatherings or in brothels. Within the United States, social disapproval ?as so nice that men ?n them s?metimes tried t? conceal t?eir face by subterfuge, resembling a false mustache (utilized in A Free Ride) and even being masked. ?ery few individuals had be?n ever recognized ?s showing in such films;. Performers had been oft?n presumed t? ?ave b?en prostitutes o? criminals. Vincent Drucci ?s said to h?ve carried out ?n a pornographic movie m?d? ?n 1924.[21] Candy Barr, wh? appeared ?n t?e 1950s Smart Alec, was virtually distinctive amongst these appearing in stag films, having attained ? degree of movie star ?ia her participation.[22]

?ithin t?e U?, ?uring t?e late 1960s, th?re wa? regular semi-underground manufacturing ?f pornographic films ?n a modest scale. ?fter answering New York City newspaper advertisements f?r nude models, Eric Edwards ?nd Jamie Gillis, amongst others, appeared ?n th?se movies, which h?d b?en silent black ?nd white ‘loops’ of low high quality, ?ften meant f?r peep sales space viewing ?n th? proliferation of adult video arcades round Times Square.[23][24][25] T?e product of t?e new York City porn trade ?as distributed nationwide ?y underworld determine Robert DiBernardo, ?ho commissioned t?e manufacturing ?f ? lot of th? ?o-known ?s ‘Golden Age’ era movies m?de in New York City.[26][27] ?lthough not t?e first grownup film to acquire a large theatrical release ?n the US, none h?d achieved ? mass viewers, and adjusted public attitude t?ward pornography, ?s Deep Throat d?d.

?he period[edit]

Beginnings[edit]

Blue Movie ?y Andy Warhol, launched ?n June 1969,[6][7][8] and, m?re freely, Mona, ?y Bill Osco, launched ?fterwards ?n August 1970,[9] ha?e been the primary movies depicting explicit sex t? obtain broad theatrical distribution ?n t?e United States.[6][7][9] Blue Movie ?as reviewed ?n Variety.[28] Alth?ugh Blue Movie involved sexual intercourse, t?e film, starring Viva ?nd Louis Waldon, included substantial dialogue concerning th? Vietnam War and numerous mundane tasks.[6][7] As compared, t?e film Mona differed f?om Blue Movie by presenting extra ?f ? story plot: Mona (performed b? Fifi Watson) ha? promised ?er mother t?at sh? would stay a virgin till he? impending marriage.[29] Nonethe?ess, Blue Movie, besid?s be?ng a seminal movie ?n t?e ‘Golden Age ?f Porn‘, wa? a significant influence, ?ccording to Warhol, in the making ?f Last Tango in Paris (1972), ?n internationally controversial erotic drama film, starring Marlon Brando, ?nd launched a number ?f years aft?r Blue Movie w?? made.[8][30]

Mmf Bi Porn

?lso around this time, ?n June 1970, t?e 55th Street Playhouse started showing Censorship ?n Denmark: A brand new Approach, a film documentary examine ?f pornography, directed ?y Alex ?e Renzy.[31] In keeping ?ith Vincent Canby, a brand new York Times movie reviewer, t?e narrator of the documentary noted that “pornography is extra stimulating and cheaper than hormone injections” and “stresses the truth that for the reason that legalization of pornography in Denmark, intercourse crimes have decreased.”[31] Nonet?eless, on September 30, 1970, Assistant District Attorney, Richard Beckler, ?ad th? theater manager, Chung Louis, arrested ?n ?n obscenity cost, and t?e movie seized a? appealing t? ? prurient curiosity ?n sex. ?he presiding choose, Jack Rosenberg, said, “[The film] ?s patently offensive t? most Americans ?s a result of it affronts contemporary neighborhood requirements relating t? the description ?r illustration ?f sexual issues.”[32]

?evertheless, ?fterwards, ?n October 1970, t?e History of the Blue Movie, another movie documentary research ?f pornography directed ?y Alex ?e Renzy, was launched and featured ? compilation ?f early blue film shorts dating f?om 1915 to 1970. Film critic Roger Ebert reviewed t?e film, rated it t?o-stars (?f fou?), and noted t?at t?e narrator tells ?s “solemnly in regards to the comedian artistry of early stag movies”.[33]

Fnaf Porn Games

?n December 1971, Boys w?thin the Sand was launched ?nd opened in theaters thro?ghout t?e United States and around the world,[34] and reviewed by Variety magazine.[35][36] Featuring specific ?ll-male intercourse scenes, t?e movie’? title ?s a parodic reference to the gay-themed 1968 play ?y Mart Crowley, ?nd th? 1970 film adaptation T?e Boys within the Band.[37] It led to t?e formation of ?everal gay porn productiion houses, ?mong the m?st notable, Falcon Studios ?nd Hand In Hand Films.

Eliza Ibarra Porn

Deep Throat[edit]

?he ‘Golden Age of Porn‘ continued ?n 1972 with Deep Throat. ?t formally premiered ?t the World Theater[38] ?n New York City ?n June 12, 1972, and w?s marketed ?n The brand new York Times under t?e bowdlerized title Throat. After Johnny Carson talked about the movie on hi? nationally top-rated ?v present[16][39][40][41][42] and Bob Hope, ?s nicely, mentioned ?t ?n ?v,[10] Deep Throat grew to become v?ry worthwhile ?nd a field-workplace success, in response to one of t?e figures behind t?e film. In its second 12 months ?f launch, Deep Throat simply missed Variety’? prime 10. H?wever, ?y t?en, it was typically be?ng shown ?n a double bill ?ith th? mo?t profitable ?f t?e top thr?e adult erotic films launched ?ithin t?e 1972-1973 era, The Devil in Miss Jones, whi?h easily outperformed Deep Throat, wher?as leaving ?ehind the Green Door trailing ?n third place.[43]

Daniel Montoya Porn

The Devil ?n Mi?s Jones[edit]

T?e 1973 movie T?e Devil in ?iss Jones was ranked number ?even in the Variety listing ?f the highest ten highest-grossing photos ?f 1973, regardless of missing the wide launch ?nd skilled advertising ?nd marketing ?f Hollywood and having b?en virtually banned throughout the country for half t?e year (see Miller ?. California, beneath).[43] ?ome critics have described t?e film as, along with Deep Throat, ?ne of the “two best erotic motion footage ever made”.[44] William Friedkin referred t? ?s ?he Devil in Miss Jones a “great movie”, partly as a result ?f it was one of th? few adult erotic movies ?ith a correct storyline.[45] Roger Ebert referred t? The Devil in ?iss Jones becau?e th? “finest” of the style he had seen ?nd gave it t?ree-stars (of fou?).[15] Ebert a?so prompt t?e movie’s box workplace receipts had b?en inflated as a way ?f laundering t?e income fr?m illegal activities, ?lthough ?uch ? technique would ?ave required organised crime t? be paying taxes on t?eir illegally obtained revenue.[46][47]

Piper Perri Porn

?he Devil in Miss Jones ?as certainly one of the primary films to b? inducted ?nto the XRCO Hall of Fame.[48] ?he sound-recording, cinematography, ?nd story-line of ?he Devil in Mis? Jones we?e of ? considerably increased high quality t?an any previous porn film. ?he lead, Georgina Spelvin, ?ho ha? b?en in t?e unique Broadway run ?f T?e Pajama Game, mixed vigorous sex ?ith ?n performing performance ?ome thought as convincing ?s anything to ?e seen in a ver? good mainstream production. ?he had ?een employed ?? a caterer, however Gerard Damiano, the film director, ?as impressed with h?r studying ?f M?ss Jones’? dialogue, ?hereas auditioning ?n actor for the non-sex function ?f ‘Abaca’. In accordance w?th Variety’? assessment, “With The Devil in Miss Jones, the laborious-core porno characteristic approaches an art type, one which critics might have a tricky time ignoring sooner or later”. ?he evaluate additionally described t?e plot ?? comparable t? Jean-Paul Sartre’? play No Exit,[49] and went ?n to explain t?e opening scene ?s, “a sequence so efficient it could stand out in any legit theatrical function.”[49] It completed b? stating, “Booking a film of this technical high quality into a standard sex house is tantamount to throwing it on the trash heap of most present arduous-core fare.”[39][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]

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“Porno chic”[edit]

An influential fi?e-p?ge article ?n The new York Times Magazine ?n 1973 described t?e phenomenon of porn b?ing publicly mentioned by celebrities, and taken severely ?y critics, a growth referred t?, b? Ralph Blumenthal ?f The brand ne? York Times, a? “porno chic”.[10][16][56] Some expressed the opinion th?t pornographic films ?ould continue t? increase t?eir entry to US theaters, ?nd the mainstream movie business ?ould gravitate t?wards t?e affect of porn.[17][18]

Supreme Court’? 1973 Miller v. California[edit]

Supreme Court’? 1973 Miller ?. California decision redefined obscenity f?om “completely without socially redeeming worth” t? lacks “serious literary, creative, political, or scientific value”. Crucially, ?t m?de ‘contemporary neighborhood standards’ t?e criterion, holding that obscenity ?as not protected ?y the f?rst Amendment; t?e ruling gave leeway t? local judges to seize and destroy prints ?f movies adjudged t? violate local people standards. ?he Miller choice obstructed porn distribution.[39] ?he Devil ?n M?ss Jones, as well a? Deep Throat and ?ehind the Green Door, ?ere prosecuted successfully t?rough t?e l?tter half of 1973; the Supreme Court’s Miller resolution closed a lot of America t? th? exhibition ?f adult erotic movies, ?nd s?metimes led to it being banned outright. Porn films wo?ldn’t function ?s prominently in the mainstream movie business ?s they ?id in t?e Golden Age,[57] till the emergence of the internet in the nineteen nineties.[58]

Post-1973[edit]

?n the aftermath of Miller v. California (1973), with the consequence of fragmenting distribution ?n the American movie market ?nd placing mass box office returns past the attain of pornographic films, t?e temporary business foray ?nto the production ?f pornographic movies ?ith larger inventive ?nd cinematic manufacturing values t?at occurred ?etween 1972 ?nd 1973 was not sustained. Wit? their relatively modest financial means, ? predicted move ?f organized crime ?nto Hollywood did not materialize.[18] Pornographic films continued t? be a extremely worthwhile business, ?nd thrived throughout the remainder of the 1970s, leading to t?e idea of porn “stars” gaining foreign money. Ostracism ?f porn performers meant t?ey almost invariably ?sed pseudonyms. Being outed as having appeared ?n porn normally put ?n end to an actor’s hope ?f a mainstream profession.[59] A sign of th? returns ?till attainable ?as that ? 1976 release, Alice in Wonderland: ?n ?-Rated Musical Comedy, favorably reviewed ?y movie critic Roger Ebert ?n 1976,[60] reportedly grossed ov?r $ninet? million globally.[39][61] ?ome historians assess ?he Opening ?f Misty Beethoven, based ?n the play Pygmalion b? George Bernard Shaw (and its derivative, ?y Fair Lady), and directed ?y Radley Metzger, as attaining ? mainstream level ?n storyline and sets.[62] Author Toni Bentley known ?s the movie t?e “crown jewel” ?f the Golden Age.[13][14]

Howe?er, s?me members scoffed ?t t?e concept that ?hat t?ey ?id qualified ?s “acting”.

Typically, ?fter 1973, grownup erotic movies emulated mainstream filmmaking storylines ?nd conventions, merely t? border th? depictions of sexual exercise to arrange ?n ‘creative merit’ protection towards potential obscenity expenses. ?he adult film business remained stuck ?t t?e extent of ‘one day wonders’, finished ?y individuals employed for under a single day. ?he ponderous know-?ow ?f the time meant filming ? easy scene ?ould usually take hours as ? result ?f t?e necessity f?r t?e camera t? be laboriously arrange fo? e?ch shot.[63] Repeated sustained performances ?ould be required on cue ?t any time ?ver t?e course ?f a day, wh?ch w?s ? problem fo? men without t?e recourse t? modern Viagra-kind medication.[59][63] Production ?as concentrated in New York City the place organized crime was broadly believed t? ha?e control over a?l features ?f the enterprise, and t? forestall entry of rivals. ?lthough t?eir budgets wer? usually v?ry low, ? subcultural stage ?f appreciation exists f?r movies of this period, ?hich ?ave ?een produced by a core group of round t?irty performers, ?ome ?f w?om had other jobs. Se?eral ?ad ?een actors ?ho may handle dialogue w?en required. How?ver, s?me individuals scoffed ?t the idea that ?hat t?ey d?d qualified ?s “acting”.[10][39][59] By t?e early 1980s, the rise of residence video ?ad led to th? top of the period ?hen folks went t? film theaters t? see intercourse shot ?n 35mm movie with manufacturing values, finally culminating ?ith the rise of the w?b in the 1990s ?nd past.[59]

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Feminist criticism[edit]

?he ‘Golden Age’ was a interval ?f interactions ?etween pornography. ?he contemporaneous second wave ?f feminism. Radical ?nd cultural feminists, ?long with religious ?nd conservative groups, attacked pornography,[64][65] wher?as different feminists ?ad been pro-pornography, resembling Camille Paglia, ?ho outlined w?at got ?ere to be known ?? sex-optimistic feminism ?n her work Sexual Personae. Paglia ?nd othe? sex-optimistic ?r pro-pornography feminists accepted porn ?s a part of t?e sexual revolution ?ith ?ts libertarian sexual themes, corresponding to exploring bisexuality and swinging, f?ee fr?m authorities interference. Th? endorsement of feminine critics ?as essential f?r the credibility of th? brief era ?f “porno chic”.[66][67][68][69]

Golden Age stars[edit]

?he Golden Age ?f Porn, b?tween the years 1969 t? 1984, was split into t?o waves: the primary wave (t?e “porno chic” era), between t?e late 1960s t? early 70s; and, the second wave reportedly “between the late 70s and early 80s”.[70][71]

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Major pornographic film actors ?f the fir?t a part ?f th? ‘Golden Age’, t?e “porno chic” period, included:

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Bobby Astyr
Rene Bond
Rebecca Brooke
Rick Cassidy
Marilyn Chambers
Zebedy Colt
Carol Connors
Desireé Cousteau
Casey Donovan
Eric Edwards
Samantha Fox
Michael Gaunt
Jamie Gillis
Terri Hall
Annette ?aven
John ?. Holmes (a.okay.?. “Johnny Wadd”)
Mike Horner
Robert Kerman (a.ok.?. “R Bolla”)
Johnny Keyes
?. J. Laing
Gloria Leonard
John Leslie
Linda Lovelace
William Margold
Sharon Mitchell
Constance Money
Wade Nichols
Kay Parker
George Payne
Rhonda ?o Petty
Darby Lloyd Rains
Harry Reems
Vanessa del Rio
Candida Royalle
Herschel Savage
Joey Silvera
Georgina Spelvin
Annie Sprinkle
Marc Stevens
Jessie ?t. James
Paul Thomas
Jennifer Welles
Marlene Willoughby

Second-wave stars[edit]

Tracey Adams
Juliet Anderson (?.ok.a. “Aunt Peg”)
Colleen Brennan
Jerry Butler
Tom Byron
Christy Canyon
Desireé Cousteau
Barbara Dare
Billy Dee
Lisa ?e Leeuw
Debi Diamond
Jeanna Fine
Veronica Hart
Nina Hartley
Ryan Idol
Ron Jeremy
Angel Kelly
Brigitte Lahaie
Hyapatia Lee
Traci Lords
Amber Lynn
Ginger Lynn
Porsche Lynn
Shauna Grant
Shanna McCullough
Kelly Nichols
Peter North
Seka
Long Dong Silver
Randy West
Bambi Woods
Jack Wrangler
Ona Zee

On the time of the maturation of th? second wave, films mo?e and mo?e w?re b?ing shot on video f?r residence release.

?s th?ir reputation rose, ?o did the?r management ?f t?eir careers. John Holmes bec?me the primary recurring porn character w?thin th? “Johnny Wadd” film sequence directed ?y Bob Chinn. Lisa De Leeuw was ?ne in ev?ry of the primary t? sign an exclusive contract ?ith a significant grownup manufacturing firm, Vivid Video, ?nd Marilyn Chambers worked in mainstream motion pictures, ?eing one of the first of a small number of crossover porn actors.

Producers[edit]

Major producers ?uring t?e primary wave of th? ‘Golden Age’, t?e “Porno Chic” period, embrace:

Gerard Damiano
Gregory Dark
Alex ?e Renzy
Radley Metzger (?.k.a. “Henry Paris”)
Mitchell Brothers (Artie and Jim)
Bill Osco
Chuck Vincent
Andy Warhol

?ith the rise ?f video, t?e dominant pornographic film studios ?f t?e Second Wave period ha? been VCA Pictures[72] and Caballero Home Video.[73]

Films ?f th? interval[edit]

? few ?f t?e perfect-identified grownup erotic movies ?f t?e interval embrace:

Alice ?n Wonderland (US, 1976)
Barbara Broadcast (U?, 1977)
Be?ind th? Green Door (US, 1972)
Blue Movie (US, 1969)
Boys ?n the Sand (US, 1971)
Café Flesh (US, 1982)
Caligula (US-IT, 1979)
Candy Stripers (U?, 1978)
Centurians of Rome (U?, 1981)
?he Cheerleaders (U?, 1973)
Debbie Does Dallas (U?, 1978)
Deep Throat (US, 1972)
T?e Devil in Mi?s Jones (US, 1973)
? Dirty Western (US, 1975)
El Paso Wrecking Corp. (U?, 1978)
Flesh Gordon (US, 1974)
The Image (U?, 1975)
Insatiable (US, 1980)
Inside Desiree Cousteau (U?, 1979)
Inside Jennifer Welles (US, 1977)
Kansas City Trucking ?o. (U?, 1976)
L.A. Tool & Die (US, 1979)
Maraschino Cherry (US, 1978)
Memories ?ithin Miss Aggie (U?, 1973)
Mona the Virgin Nymph (US, 1970)
Naked Came t?e Stranger (US, 1975)
T?e brand new Comers (U?, 1973)
N?w Wave Hookers (U?, 1985)
A Night at the Adonis (U?, 1978)
Nightdreams (U?, 1981)
?he Opening of Misty Beethoven (U?, 1976)
The opposite Side of Aspen (US, 1978)
Pink Narcissus (US, 1971)
Pretty Peaches (U?, 1978)
The Private Afternoons of Pamela Mann (U?, 1974)
Reel People (US, 1984)
Resurrection of Eve (U?, 1973)
Score (U?, 1974)
Sensations (?L, 1975)
Spirit ?f Sev?nty Sex (US, 1976)
The Story of Joanna (US, 1975)
Taboo (U?, 1980)
The Tale of Tiffany Lust (U?, 1979)
Talk Dirty t? Me (US, 1980)
Through the Looking Glass (US, 1976)

See additionally[edit]

55th Street Playhouse
Boogie Nights – 1997 movie in regards to t?e Golden Age of Porn
Dave’s Old Porn ? 2011 Tv show discussing 1970s porn films

?he Deuce – 2017 ?v present in regards to th? Golden Age ?f Porn
Inside Deep Throat – 2005 documentary film
Lovelace – 2012 film ?bout Linda Lovelace, star ?f Deep Throat
Ne? Andy Warhol Garrick Theatre
Ordeal – 1980 autobiography ?y Linda Lovelace
Pornography w?thin the United States
?he Rialto Report ? archives ?f th? Golden Age ?f Porn
Sex ?n movie
Unsimulated sex

Citations[edit]

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^ Francoeur, Robert ?.; Noonan, Raymond J. (2004). “Denmark within the International Encyclopedia of Sexuality”. International Encyclopedia ?f Sexuality. Archived f?om the unique on January 13, 2011. Retrieved August 22, 2021.
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^ Staff (July 21, 1969). “Blue Movie (1969)”. AFI Catalog ?f Feature Films. Archived f?om the original on September 8, 2023. Retrieved September 8, 2023.
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^ ? b c d e Canby, Vincent (August 10, 1969). “Warhol’s Red Hot and ‘Blue’ Movie. D1. Print. (behind paywall)”. New York Times. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
^ ? b c d e Comenas, Gary (2005). “Blue Movie (1968)”. WarholStars.?rg. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
^ ? ? c ? “Pornography”. Pornography Girl. Archived fr?m the original on May 6, 2008. Retrieved July 16, 2013. ?he first explicitly pornographic film ?ith a plot t?at obtained ? general theatrical launch within the U.S. is generally thought-?bout t? be Mona (Mona th? Virgin Nymph)…
^ a b c ? e f Corliss, Richard (March 29, 2005). “That Old Feeling:When Porno Was Chic”. Time. Archived f?om the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved January 27, 2016.
^ “Sex in Cinema: 1970 Greatest and Most Influential Erotic / Sexual Films and Scenes”. Film ?ite. p. 21. Retrieved January 16, 2012. ?he storyline ?n the film Mona w?s ?ater borrowed, to som? extent, b? Gerard Damiano in ?is film Deep Throat in 1972.
^ Goupil, Helene; Krist, Josh (2005). San Francisco: ?he Unknowao.u?/books??d=pXAsU1sQG1AC. pp. 238-241. ISBN 1-55152-188-1.
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^ ? b c Blumenthal, Ralph (January 21, 1973). “Porno chic; ‘Hard-core’ grows fashionable-and really worthwhile”. ?he new York Times Magazine. Retrieved January 20, 2016.
^ ? b From a 1970s interview ?ith Linda Lovelace, shown wit?in t?e documentary Inside Deep Throat.
^ ? b c “Mafia Money Infiltrates Pornos Movie Business”. Daytona Beach Morning Journal. October 12, 1975. Retrieved September 5, 2016. ?f the trend continues, t?ese individuals are going t? turn into a major pressure w?thin th? film business ?ithin a f?w years,” stated Capt. Lawrence Hepburn of the new York Police Department’s organized crime division. “The movie enterprise goes t? be li?e the garment enterprise, riddled ?ith Mafia affect.
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^ “Flesh GordonInterview 3”. PicPal.?om. Archived f?om the original on August 28, 2008. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
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^ Staff (August 3, 2012). “The Holbein Studios — No. 154 West 55th Street”. DaytonianInManhattan. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
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^ Rutledge (1989) ?. Sixt? thre?
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General and cited references[edit]

Lewis, Jon (2002). Hollywood ?. Hard Core: How the Struggle O?er Censorship Created t?e trendy Film Industry. NYU Press. ISBN 0-8147-5143-1.
McNeil, Legs, Jennifer Osborne, ?nd Peter Pavia (2005). The opposite Hollywood: Uncensored Oral History ?f t?e Porn Film Industry. Regan Books. ISBN 0-06-009659-4.
– Rutledge, Leigh (1989). ?he Gay Fireside Companion. Ne? York: Alyson. ISBN 1-55583-164-8.
Spelvin, Georgina (2008). ?he Devil ?ade Me Do It. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-0-615-19907-8.[self-published source?]
– Stevenson, Jack (2000). Fleshpot: Cinema’? Sexual Myth Makers & Taboo Breakers. Critical Vision. ISBN 1-900486-12-1.
– Weitzer, Ronald John (2000). Sex f?r sale: Prostitution, Pornography, ?nd t?e Sex Industry. N?w York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-92294-1.

External hyperlinks[edit]